E Methods). V1/2 is the voltage for half-maximal activation or steady-state

E Methods). V1/2 is the voltage for half-maximal activation or steady-state inactivation and k is the slope factor. Slow inactivation and recovery from inactivation data were fitted to mono-exponential functions (see Methods) to obtain the time constant t. Values are expressed mean 6 SE. *p,0.05; **p,0.01. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053220.tStatistical AnalysesResults are presented as means 6 standard error (SE). Statistical comparisons were performed using the unpaired Student’s t-test. Results are considered statistically significant when p,0.05.Results Identification of I890T, a Novel Nav1.5 AKT inhibitor 2 channel MutationThe proband, a 31-year-old Spanish male, was admitted to the hospital due to the suspicion of BrS during a routine examination. His baseline 12-lead ECG showed a ST segment elevation in leads V1 3 that strongly suggested BrS type I (Fig. 1A). He had suffered an episode of syncope at the age of 12. A heterozygous variation (thymine-to-cytosine) at position 2669 of the SCN5A gene (c.2669 T.C) was identified in the Verubecestat proband’s DNA (Fig. 1B). This base transition leads to an isoleucine-tothreonine substitution at position 890 (p.I890T) of the Nav1.5 channel. This genetic variation was absent in 600 control alleles of the same ethnic background, and was not found in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) [21], Ensembl [22], HapMap[23], 1000 genomes project [24] and NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project [25]. The I890T variation in Nav1.5 channel thus represents a possible novel mutation causing BrS. The genetic study of the proband’s family members revealed that two sisters had the I890T mutation (Fig. 1A). A 34-year-old sister presented several episodes of syncope, her baseline ECG was normal, but a ST segment elevation in lead V2 characteristic of BrS was unmasked upon ajmaline challenge, thus confirming 23977191 BrS. A 18-year-old sister was asymptomatic, had a normal baseline ECG, and presented no alterations after challenge with either flecainide or ajmaline. The proband’s third brother refused to undergo genetic analysis despite having a previous history of syncopes. The proband’s mother carried the I890T mutation. She presented an episode of syncope at age 18, but showed a normal ECG when subjected to drug challenge tests. The proband’s father did not carry the mutation and was asymptomatic, and had a normal 23727046 ECG after drug provocation test. To further explore the different clinical phenotypes found among the carriers of the I890T mutation, we looked for other genetic variations in the SCN5A gene in the family. We found that the younger sister, who did not present any cardiac abnormalities, carried a non-synonymous polymorphism, p.H558R, inherited from the father. This variation was not found in any of the other mutation carriers.I890T Markedly Decreases Peak INa and Modifies Nav1.5 Channel Activation KineticsWe conducted patch-clamp studies to assess the effect of the mutation I890T on whole cell sodium currents. HEK cells were transfected with either WT or I890T channel constructs (referred to as WT cells and I890T cells, respectively, in the remaining text). Current traces in Figure 2A show that INa is substantially reduced by the mutation I890T. This reduction was confirmed by analysis of peak INa density, which showed a significant decrease in the current-voltage relationship (I ) of I890T cells with respect to WT cells (Fig 2B, Table 1). In addition, we observed a positive shift of the activation curve towards more positive potentials (Fig.E Methods). V1/2 is the voltage for half-maximal activation or steady-state inactivation and k is the slope factor. Slow inactivation and recovery from inactivation data were fitted to mono-exponential functions (see Methods) to obtain the time constant t. Values are expressed mean 6 SE. *p,0.05; **p,0.01. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053220.tStatistical AnalysesResults are presented as means 6 standard error (SE). Statistical comparisons were performed using the unpaired Student’s t-test. Results are considered statistically significant when p,0.05.Results Identification of I890T, a Novel Nav1.5 Channel MutationThe proband, a 31-year-old Spanish male, was admitted to the hospital due to the suspicion of BrS during a routine examination. His baseline 12-lead ECG showed a ST segment elevation in leads V1 3 that strongly suggested BrS type I (Fig. 1A). He had suffered an episode of syncope at the age of 12. A heterozygous variation (thymine-to-cytosine) at position 2669 of the SCN5A gene (c.2669 T.C) was identified in the proband’s DNA (Fig. 1B). This base transition leads to an isoleucine-tothreonine substitution at position 890 (p.I890T) of the Nav1.5 channel. This genetic variation was absent in 600 control alleles of the same ethnic background, and was not found in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) [21], Ensembl [22], HapMap[23], 1000 genomes project [24] and NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project [25]. The I890T variation in Nav1.5 channel thus represents a possible novel mutation causing BrS. The genetic study of the proband’s family members revealed that two sisters had the I890T mutation (Fig. 1A). A 34-year-old sister presented several episodes of syncope, her baseline ECG was normal, but a ST segment elevation in lead V2 characteristic of BrS was unmasked upon ajmaline challenge, thus confirming 23977191 BrS. A 18-year-old sister was asymptomatic, had a normal baseline ECG, and presented no alterations after challenge with either flecainide or ajmaline. The proband’s third brother refused to undergo genetic analysis despite having a previous history of syncopes. The proband’s mother carried the I890T mutation. She presented an episode of syncope at age 18, but showed a normal ECG when subjected to drug challenge tests. The proband’s father did not carry the mutation and was asymptomatic, and had a normal 23727046 ECG after drug provocation test. To further explore the different clinical phenotypes found among the carriers of the I890T mutation, we looked for other genetic variations in the SCN5A gene in the family. We found that the younger sister, who did not present any cardiac abnormalities, carried a non-synonymous polymorphism, p.H558R, inherited from the father. This variation was not found in any of the other mutation carriers.I890T Markedly Decreases Peak INa and Modifies Nav1.5 Channel Activation KineticsWe conducted patch-clamp studies to assess the effect of the mutation I890T on whole cell sodium currents. HEK cells were transfected with either WT or I890T channel constructs (referred to as WT cells and I890T cells, respectively, in the remaining text). Current traces in Figure 2A show that INa is substantially reduced by the mutation I890T. This reduction was confirmed by analysis of peak INa density, which showed a significant decrease in the current-voltage relationship (I ) of I890T cells with respect to WT cells (Fig 2B, Table 1). In addition, we observed a positive shift of the activation curve towards more positive potentials (Fig.