Ranked as A, ,7 and 5 as B, ,5 and 3 as C, ,3 as D.

Ranked as A, ,7 and 5 as B, ,5 and 3 as C, ,3 as D. If a study was conducted using inbred animal models, we considered it equivalent to a random allocation in the absence of individual heterogeneity. Discrepancies were resolved by Y.L or J.S.Materials and Methods Publication search and inclusion criteriaPubMed and Embase (from inception to February 29th, 2012) were searched for relevant studies with the following MeSH headings or text words: “dendritic cells”, “pancreas islet transplantation”. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) Chinese or English publication, (2) pancreatic islet transplant purchase Methyl linolenate recipients as the target population, and (3) the study objective was to evaluate the effect of Tol-DC adoptive infusion on graft survival. Review articles, abstracts, and in vitro studies were excluded. If the sameData extractionTwo reviewers independently extracted data from the selected articles. We extracted data on animal model, methods of inducing Tol-DCs, source of Tol-DCs, time, route of administration,Infusion Tol-DC Prolongs Islet Allograft SurvivalTable 1. Quality assessment of included studies.No.Study1 (2 scores)2 (2 scores) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !3 (2 scores) ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !! ! !-4 (1 score) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !5 (1 score) ! ! ! -6 (1 score) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! -ScoreGrade1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Stepkowski(2006)1 huang(2010)7 Hauben(2008)6 Olakunle(2001)11 Ali(2000)12 Oluwole(1995)13 Yang(2008)2 Zhu(2008)3 O’Rourke(2000)4 Li(2010)5 Kim(2006)8 Rastellini(1995)9 Chaib(1994)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !8 8 8 8 7 7 8 8 9 4 7 8A A A A A A A A A C A A B“-”Articles did not report relevant information. “!-”Articles reported partial information. Criteria: (1) Peer reviewed publication. (2) Random allocation of treatment and control. (3) Animal species (inbred line, age-matched, MHC mismatch). (4) Sample size calculation (sample size of both control and experimental groups must be clarified). (5) Compliance with animal welfare regulation. (6) Statement of potential conflict of interest (source of funds must be clarified). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052096.tfrequency and dose of Tol-DC administration, allograft survival and the potential mechanisms of interest. Important unpublished data were obtained by contacting corresponding authors whenever Possible. Discrepancies between these two reviewers were resolved by the third reviewer.(Table 1). Generally, the quality of included studies was high in these criteria.Characteristics of included studiesInterventions. Six methods were reported to induce TolDCs. The most commonly used-method was gene modification (4 articles, accounting for 30.76 ), followed by allopeptide-pulsed (3 articles, 23.07 ), other derivation (3 articles, 23.07 ), Z-360 cost immature dendritic cells (imDC) (1 article, 7.69 ), drug intervention (1 article, 7.69 ), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) induction (1 article, 7.69 ) (Table 2). Animal model. Eight studies adopted MHC mismatched inbred mice models, with four MHC mismatched inbred rat models (Table 2). Experimental design. Eight articles studied Tol-DCs monotherapy, and 4 articles studied the synergistic effect of immunosuppressive agents or costimulatory blockade with Tol-DC. Seven articles used recipient-derived DCs, six used donor-derived DCs, and another two did not report the DC source. Routes of administration were intravenous (i.v., six articles), intrathymic 12926553 (i.t., three articles), intraperitoneal (i.p., two articles), subcutaneous (s.c., one artic.Ranked as A, ,7 and 5 as B, ,5 and 3 as C, ,3 as D. If a study was conducted using inbred animal models, we considered it equivalent to a random allocation in the absence of individual heterogeneity. Discrepancies were resolved by Y.L or J.S.Materials and Methods Publication search and inclusion criteriaPubMed and Embase (from inception to February 29th, 2012) were searched for relevant studies with the following MeSH headings or text words: “dendritic cells”, “pancreas islet transplantation”. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) Chinese or English publication, (2) pancreatic islet transplant recipients as the target population, and (3) the study objective was to evaluate the effect of Tol-DC adoptive infusion on graft survival. Review articles, abstracts, and in vitro studies were excluded. If the sameData extractionTwo reviewers independently extracted data from the selected articles. We extracted data on animal model, methods of inducing Tol-DCs, source of Tol-DCs, time, route of administration,Infusion Tol-DC Prolongs Islet Allograft SurvivalTable 1. Quality assessment of included studies.No.Study1 (2 scores)2 (2 scores) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !3 (2 scores) ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !! ! !-4 (1 score) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !5 (1 score) ! ! ! -6 (1 score) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! -ScoreGrade1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Stepkowski(2006)1 huang(2010)7 Hauben(2008)6 Olakunle(2001)11 Ali(2000)12 Oluwole(1995)13 Yang(2008)2 Zhu(2008)3 O’Rourke(2000)4 Li(2010)5 Kim(2006)8 Rastellini(1995)9 Chaib(1994)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !8 8 8 8 7 7 8 8 9 4 7 8A A A A A A A A A C A A B“-”Articles did not report relevant information. “!-”Articles reported partial information. Criteria: (1) Peer reviewed publication. (2) Random allocation of treatment and control. (3) Animal species (inbred line, age-matched, MHC mismatch). (4) Sample size calculation (sample size of both control and experimental groups must be clarified). (5) Compliance with animal welfare regulation. (6) Statement of potential conflict of interest (source of funds must be clarified). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052096.tfrequency and dose of Tol-DC administration, allograft survival and the potential mechanisms of interest. Important unpublished data were obtained by contacting corresponding authors whenever Possible. Discrepancies between these two reviewers were resolved by the third reviewer.(Table 1). Generally, the quality of included studies was high in these criteria.Characteristics of included studiesInterventions. Six methods were reported to induce TolDCs. The most commonly used-method was gene modification (4 articles, accounting for 30.76 ), followed by allopeptide-pulsed (3 articles, 23.07 ), other derivation (3 articles, 23.07 ), immature dendritic cells (imDC) (1 article, 7.69 ), drug intervention (1 article, 7.69 ), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) induction (1 article, 7.69 ) (Table 2). Animal model. Eight studies adopted MHC mismatched inbred mice models, with four MHC mismatched inbred rat models (Table 2). Experimental design. Eight articles studied Tol-DCs monotherapy, and 4 articles studied the synergistic effect of immunosuppressive agents or costimulatory blockade with Tol-DC. Seven articles used recipient-derived DCs, six used donor-derived DCs, and another two did not report the DC source. Routes of administration were intravenous (i.v., six articles), intrathymic 12926553 (i.t., three articles), intraperitoneal (i.p., two articles), subcutaneous (s.c., one artic.