R, like for WE, we detected significant differencesFigure 6. Quantitative pattern ofR, like for WE,

R, like for WE, we detected significant differencesFigure 6. Quantitative pattern of
R, like for WE, we detected considerable differencesFigure 6. Quantitative pattern of vernix caseosa lipids in newborn boys and girls. Graphic representation from the initially two elements of PCA calculated from the relative intensities on the wax esters (A) and triacylglycerols (B) isolated in the vernix caseosa of newborn boys (=) and girls (R). doi:10.1371journal.pone.0099173.gPLOS One particular | plosone.orgLipid Composition of Vernix CaseosaTable 1. MALDI-TOFTOF data for VC triacylglycerols.Precursor [MNa] TG 45:1 (mz 785.7) TG 45:0 (mz 787.7) TG 46:1 (mz 799.7) TG 52:1 (mz 883.eight) TG 62:1 (mz 1023.9) TG 64:1 (mz 1051.8) doi:10.1371journal.pone.0099173.tMain fragments (mz) 481, 495, 509, 521, 535, 549, 563 481, 495, 509, 523, 537, 551, 565 495, 509, 523, 535, 549, 563, 577 495, 509, 523, 535, 549, 563, 577 523, 549, 577, 605, 717, 745, 773 523, 551, 577, 605, 745, 773,Neutral loss (RCOONa) FA 18:1, FA 17:1, FA 16:1, FA 15:0, FA 14:0, FA 13:0, FA 12:0 FA 18:0, FA 17:0, FA 16:0, FA 15:0, FA 14:0, FA 13:0, FA 12:0 FA 18:1, FA 17:1, FA 16:1, FA 15:0, FA 14:0, FA 13:0, FA 12:0 FA 24:1, FA 23:1, FA 22:1, FA 21:0, FA 20:0, FA 19:0, FA 18:0 FA 32:1, FA 30:0, FA 28:0, FA 26:0, FA 18:0, FA 16:0, FA 14:0 FA 34:1, FA 32:1, FA 30:0, FA 28:0, FA 18:0, FA 16:0, FA 14:in between males and females in the relative proportions of the dominant fragments in the six fragmented TG.ConclusionsIn the present study, we show that the quantitative pattern of lipids contained within the vernix caseosa of full-term newborns is sexspecific, namely as a result of the greater proportions of wax esters and triacylglycerols with Amebae Gene ID longer hydrocarbon chains in newborn girls. These final results pave the technique to additional investigations of your vernix caseosa, aiming at both structural and dynamic patterns from the lipid constituents and biological determinants underlying these patterns.Sex-specificity of VC lipid compositionOur final results strongly help the hypothesis that the composition of VC lipids is gender-related. We showed statistically important differences between male and female DPP-2 list samples each in the degree of fatty acids within the total lipid extracts and in the level of intact lipids in two lipid classes. In the present stage of our information, we can only hypothesize the biological aspects underlying these variations. Initial, the differences in VC chemistry might outcome from differential temporal dynamics within the skin development in boys and girls controlled by steroid hormones; prior studies in rats have documented that the formation on the cutaneous barrier is accelerated by estrogen and delayed by testosterone [40]. VC of human male fetuses was previously shown to contain additional sebum than that of female fetuses, which features a larger proportion of epidermal lipids [15]. We identified the variations in WE and TG, i.e., lipid classes which are of sebaceous origin [1]. Thus, the observed sex-related variations are most likely connected together with the activities of sebaceous glands within the skin on the fetus. Interestingly, when we analyzed VC obtained from a girl prematurely born in the 35th week, the lipid profiles greatly differed from these of fullterm girls and have been rather similar to that of full-term boys. This accidental observation further supports the hypothesis of differential dynamics in VC production between the two sexes. Alternatively, permanent and fixed differences in the chemistry from the storage pool of FA, shifted towards longer carbon chains in some lipid classes in females, can account for the.