Itrogen). After washing, Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen) was added to the cells and

Itrogen). After washing, Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen) was added to the cells and incubated for 10 min before imaging with an Axiovert 200 M microscope (Zeiss).MB design and synthesisFour Sox2 mRNA-specific candidate molecular beacons (Figure S1A) were designed using software that predicts RNA secondary structures (mFOLD, http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/applications/ mfold/ [13,14]). The complete murine Sox2 mRNA was analyzed for potential openings or voids in the mRNA. The target sequences were BLASTed against the mouse genome to ensure specificity to Sox2 mRNA. The candidate MBs had a Cy3molecule attached to the 59-end and a blackhole quencher-2 attached to the 39-end (Microsynth) (Figure 1A and 1B). A nonspecific-MB target sequence that is not complementary to any known mRNA in mouse was used as a negative control (59 Cy3CGAGGCGACAAGCGCACCGATACGTCG-BHQ2 39 [15]). The four designed Sox2-targeted candidate MBs were assayed for fluorescence levels in the presence and the absence of their complementary designed oligonucleotides to their loop sequences (Figure S1B), mixing 0.4 mM MBs with 1 mM oligonucleotide in a 96-well plate. After 1 h of incubation at 37uC, fluorescence wasReal-time PCRmRNA was isolated using a RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s CB-5083 custom synthesis instruction, and the extracted mRNA concentration was measured with NanoDropTM 1000 spectrophotomer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). An amount of 1 mg mRNA was used to produce cDNA with the iScript cDNA Synthesis kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and analysis of mRNA level were performed by the iQ SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Standard curves for each primer were plotted and samples were measured in triplicate with an iCycleriQ Multicolor Realtime PCR detection system (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The mRNA levels of genes were normalized to that of a housekeeping gene, beta-actin. General information and sequences of primer designed with cDNA sequences obtained from GenBank for mouse and by Primer3 software (Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research) (Table S1).Sorting Live Stem Cells Based on Sox2 mRNAFigure 2. Detection of Sox2-MB in undifferentiated mES cells as compared to Sox2-negative MEFs. (A) Sox2 expression in mES cells and MEFs was analyzed by RT-PCR. Fluorescent signals of (B) MEFs and (C) 24272870 mES cells treated with Sox2-MB (blue line) and nonspecific-MB (control, red line) as measured by flow cytometry. Error bars represent the mean 6 SEM. Title Loaded From File Asterisks denotes statistical significance (n = 3 samples,***p,0.001). 24786787 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049874.gFlow cytometry, cell sorting and analysismES cells treated with RA were used for analysis and sorting. Dissociated cells were re-suspended in D-PBS (Gibco Invitrogen) and filtered through a 70 mm cell strainer (BD-Falcon). Cells were treated with MBs as described above. Then, cells were incubated for 15 min in Alexa Fluor 647 SSEA-1 antibody (51?813, eBioscience), were washed once in D-PBS and were analyzed by flow cytometry using a CyAN ADPS (Beckman Coulter). Analysis was done with FlowJo software (Tree Star). mES cells were sorted using a FACSVantage (BD Bioscience) into a 24-well plate. The nonspecific-MB was used to set the quadrants in the dot-plot of SSEA1 expression versus MB signal. From each quadrant, SSEA1+/ Sox2-MB2 (Q1), SSEA1+/Sox2-MB+ (Q2), SSEA12/Sox2-MB2 (Q3) and SSEA1+/Sox2-MB2 (Q4), 500 cells were sorted and cultured for 5 d (Figure 3D). Subsequently, colonies of mES cells were fixed with 10 (v/v) natura.Itrogen). After washing, Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen) was added to the cells and incubated for 10 min before imaging with an Axiovert 200 M microscope (Zeiss).MB design and synthesisFour Sox2 mRNA-specific candidate molecular beacons (Figure S1A) were designed using software that predicts RNA secondary structures (mFOLD, http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/applications/ mfold/ [13,14]). The complete murine Sox2 mRNA was analyzed for potential openings or voids in the mRNA. The target sequences were BLASTed against the mouse genome to ensure specificity to Sox2 mRNA. The candidate MBs had a Cy3molecule attached to the 59-end and a blackhole quencher-2 attached to the 39-end (Microsynth) (Figure 1A and 1B). A nonspecific-MB target sequence that is not complementary to any known mRNA in mouse was used as a negative control (59 Cy3CGAGGCGACAAGCGCACCGATACGTCG-BHQ2 39 [15]). The four designed Sox2-targeted candidate MBs were assayed for fluorescence levels in the presence and the absence of their complementary designed oligonucleotides to their loop sequences (Figure S1B), mixing 0.4 mM MBs with 1 mM oligonucleotide in a 96-well plate. After 1 h of incubation at 37uC, fluorescence wasReal-time PCRmRNA was isolated using a RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instruction, and the extracted mRNA concentration was measured with NanoDropTM 1000 spectrophotomer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). An amount of 1 mg mRNA was used to produce cDNA with the iScript cDNA Synthesis kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and analysis of mRNA level were performed by the iQ SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Standard curves for each primer were plotted and samples were measured in triplicate with an iCycleriQ Multicolor Realtime PCR detection system (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The mRNA levels of genes were normalized to that of a housekeeping gene, beta-actin. General information and sequences of primer designed with cDNA sequences obtained from GenBank for mouse and by Primer3 software (Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research) (Table S1).Sorting Live Stem Cells Based on Sox2 mRNAFigure 2. Detection of Sox2-MB in undifferentiated mES cells as compared to Sox2-negative MEFs. (A) Sox2 expression in mES cells and MEFs was analyzed by RT-PCR. Fluorescent signals of (B) MEFs and (C) 24272870 mES cells treated with Sox2-MB (blue line) and nonspecific-MB (control, red line) as measured by flow cytometry. Error bars represent the mean 6 SEM. Asterisks denotes statistical significance (n = 3 samples,***p,0.001). 24786787 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049874.gFlow cytometry, cell sorting and analysismES cells treated with RA were used for analysis and sorting. Dissociated cells were re-suspended in D-PBS (Gibco Invitrogen) and filtered through a 70 mm cell strainer (BD-Falcon). Cells were treated with MBs as described above. Then, cells were incubated for 15 min in Alexa Fluor 647 SSEA-1 antibody (51?813, eBioscience), were washed once in D-PBS and were analyzed by flow cytometry using a CyAN ADPS (Beckman Coulter). Analysis was done with FlowJo software (Tree Star). mES cells were sorted using a FACSVantage (BD Bioscience) into a 24-well plate. The nonspecific-MB was used to set the quadrants in the dot-plot of SSEA1 expression versus MB signal. From each quadrant, SSEA1+/ Sox2-MB2 (Q1), SSEA1+/Sox2-MB+ (Q2), SSEA12/Sox2-MB2 (Q3) and SSEA1+/Sox2-MB2 (Q4), 500 cells were sorted and cultured for 5 d (Figure 3D). Subsequently, colonies of mES cells were fixed with 10 (v/v) natura.