Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; SorgonCci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore,

Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon
Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon A.; Ciaffi, M. Bacterial Species Diterpene Resin Acids and Olefins in Calabrian Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire) Oleoresin: GC-MS p38 MAPK Inhibitor Species Profiling of Important Diterpenoids in Various Plant Organs, Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Diterpene Synthase Genes. Plants 2021, ten, 2391. doi/10.3390/ plants10112391 Academic Editors: Mitja Kolar, Iztok Joze Kosir and Sofia Caretto Received: 27 September 2021 Accepted: 4 November 2021 Published: 5 NovemberDipartimento di Agraria, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.S.) Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Universitdella Tuscia, By way of S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (A.R.P.) Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitdi Perugia, Through Elce di Sotto eight, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (C.P.B.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0761-357-424; Fax: +39-0761-357-Abstract: A quali-quantitative evaluation of diterpenoid composition in tissues obtained from unique organs of Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire (Calabrian pine) was carried out. Diterpene resin acids were essentially the most abundant diterpenoids across all the examined tissues. The exact same nine diterpene resin acids had been generally found, with all the abietane variety prevailing around the pimarane form, though their quantitative distribution was located to be remarkably tissue-specific. The scrutiny in the out there literature revealed species specificity as well. A phylogeny-based approach permitted us to isolate four cDNAs coding for diterpene synthases in Calabrian pine, every single of which belonging to among the 4 groups into which the d3 clade of the plants’ terpene synthases loved ones is often divided. The deduced amino acid sequences permitted predicting that both monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases are involved inside the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Calabrian pine. Transcript profiling revealed differential expression across the various tissues and was located to be consistent with the corresponding diterpenoid profiles. The isolation from the full genomic sequences plus the determination of their exon/intron structures allowed us to place the diterpene synthase genes from Calabrian pine on the background of existing tips on the functional evolution of diterpene synthases in Gymnosperms. Key phrases: diterpenoids; diterpene synthase; Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire; Calabrian pine; pine oleoresin; genomic organization of gymnosperm diterpene synthases; diterpene resin acidPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is definitely an open access post distributed below the terms and conditions of your Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons/licenses/by/ four.0/).Essential to Plant Species: Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., 1768; balsam fir; Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., grand fir; Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch.